2D wave ripples with symmetrical wave form and straight ripple crests.

3D wave ripples with symmetrical wave form and sinuous ripple crests.

Climbing ripples, dominated by sinusoidal ripple lamination. Lamina are continuous across the ripple system, probably indicating an balanced suspended load/traction load ratio. However, vertically there are changes in climbing angle and preferable preservation of one side of the ripple, indicating change in suspended load/traction load ratio during the forming of the ripple system.

Combined flow ripples, marked by unidirectional dipping lamina and rounded and symmetrical ripple top.

Planar stratified sandstone with clear loading deformation at the base.

Delta front sandstone with climbing ripples, planar stratification, and clear soft-sediment deformation. The deformed sandstone is interbedded with slightly bioturbated mudstone. The occurrence of climbing ripples indicates high sediment supply, which contributes to the strong deformation in this interbedded sandstone and mudstone setting.

Photo showing strongly deformed delta front sandstone with ball and pillow appearance. Delta front instability could lead to large scale sliding and deformation.

Sand dike cut through interbedded, distal delta front sandstone and mudstone.

Plane view of 3D dunes in fluvial strata showing ribbon and furrow structure.

Current ripples in a splay sandstone.

Trough cross stratified fluvial sandstone. Paleocurrent is perpendicular to photo.

Tabular/planar stratified fluvial sandstone. Paleocurrent is to the right.

Strongly deformed light gray colored fluvial sandstone. The deformation is regionally important and has been interpreted as the result of earthquakes in a foreland basin with active tectonics. The heterolithic interbedded sandstone and mudstone above the deformed fluvial sandstone are tidal flat deposits.

Planar stratified sandstone with climbing combined-flow and wave ripples approaching the top. Planar stratification shows gently undulating near the base of the sandstone. All of these indicate that the sandstone might be a wave-modified Bouma-like T_bc bed.

HCS in shoreface successions. Notice the convex/concave lamina in each of these two examples. Also notice the low angle of touching (less than 15°) between one lamina set to another.

Swelly cross stratified sandstone in a shoreface succession with sparse Thalassinoides burrows.

Planar stratified sandstone with 2D ripple cross lamination on the top in a shoreface succession.

Dune-scale cross stratification passing upward into planar stratification in a shoreface to beach transition.

Unevenly bioturbated shoreface sandstone.

Reactivation surfaces in a tidal-influenced succession.

Reactivation surface and tidal rithemites in a tidal flat succession.

Neap-Spring cycles in a tidal channel deposit. White triangles mark some of these cycles.

Tidal bundles with foresets draped by double muds. Notice the occurrence of ripples with opposite dipping lamina at the toes of some of the foresets, indicating the effects of subordinate tidal currents.

Flaser bedding in the thin bedded tidal flat deposits and some of the tidal channel deposits in the study area. Notice the draping of muds on the foresets of the ripples.

Photo showing a range of sedimentary structures, including planar stratification, dune-scale cross stratification and ripple cross lamination.

Meter-scale dunes in some of the fluvial channel deposits. Ripples occur in the toes of the large foresets. They have lamina dipping in an opposite direction with respect to that of the foresets in the meter-scale dune.

Calcareous nodules in one of the ash layers encased in the shelf mudstone in the study area.

Roots are one of the most common biogenic structures in the fluvial floodplain deposits.

Tidal Bundles

Tidal Flaser

Tidal Flow Reversal

Tidal Reactivation Surfaces

Tidal Ripples Rounded Top

Tidal Rithmethites with Burrows